Essay on Theorising Heterosexism for Social Work Education

In the United States and many other countries throughout the world, societal structures have been created to place some in a position of power and others into oppressed positions. These systems often remain unchallenged and force the oppressed into silence for fear of becoming outcasts. These systems affect everyone and can even go as far as making the oppressed internally believe that they are supposed to stay in their second class state. One of these many systems is heterosexism. This paper will cover what heterosexism is, the effects of heterosexism, how heterosexism relates to other forms of oppression, and what can be done to stop heterosexism from being perpetuated. Julie Fish (2008) defines heterosexism, in her article, as the†¦show more content†¦Fish (2008) states some of these assumptions such as same sex couples cannot provide the appropriate gender role models, same sex parents will raise their children to be gay, and children will be bullied because they have parents who are both of the same gender. Brennan, Craig, and Thompson (2012) state in their study that there is a link between gay and bisexual men’s obsession with thinness and muscularity and internalized homophobia. In their study they linked gay and bisexual men to depression, eating disorders, and internalized homophobia. Their experiment was based around the theory that people adopt certain characteristics to have access to privileges in a society and be accepted by the dominant group. Brennan et al.’s (2012) results showed that of the men who showed higher levels of internalized homophobia they also exhibited higher drives for muscularity. This relates to heterosexism because gay and bisexual men are not considered the â€Å"norm.† This is why many gay and bisexual men have this obsession over being thin and muscular, partly because of internalized homophobia. This stems from an overcompensation act to try and be more masculine in an attempt to balance out their sexual orientation. It relates bac k to the idea of acceptance. They are consciously or unconsciously rationalizing that this will make them more accepted whether it is true or not. Olivia Murray (2011) talks about the need for moreShow MoreRelatedGender and Life Chances2598 Words   |  11 Pagesdescribe and evaluate how gender influences the life chances of individuals and groups within Britain today, particularly looking at the socialization process of gender and how particular ideologies of gender roles within different social institutions can create social inequalities through the use of power which can be achieved through justice, and applying different theoretical perspectives of inequality in reference to gender, and looking at those in authority that use their power to legitimize

Essay on The History of Chemistry - 1804 Words

The earliest knowledge of chemistry was in 3500 B.C in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Chemistry was concerned anything that was pottery, dyes or crafts that were developed but not considerable skills because no one truly understood its purpose. The basic idea of elements or compounds were first formulated by Greek philosopher during 500 to 300 B.C when people believed fire , water, earth, and air combined to form all living and non-living things. In the beginning of Christianity an ancient Egyptian and Greek philosopher were fused into the new ideas of science, starting with little experiments such as turning metal into gold or imitation of precious gems. Later on people such as Robert Boyle, Robert Hooke and John Mayow were just the few people†¦show more content†¦It was just he have not had any important discoveries of his own. They called him a theoretician. He saw the true nature of combustion something that the others didn’t see and introduce a chemical nomenclature and wrote the first chemistry textbook. Lavoisier believed that all acids contain oxygen. The assumption that compounds were definite was in the 18th century by J.L Proust, He stated that the law of constant proportions in 1797. C.L Berthollet said this law depends on the method of preparation. Soon enough it was resolved when Proust saw John Dalton’s atomic theory in 1808. The atomic theory goes back to Greeks but it was not a proven fact in chemistry until Humphrey Davy and J.J Berzelius discovered the alkali metals by passing an electric current through their molten oxides. Michael Faraday discovered that a definite quality of change must flow in order to give weight in the solution. Avogrodro introduced the hypothesis that equal volumes of gases at the same pressure contain the same number of molecules. Prout thought that all elements have an atomic weight and multiples with the weight of hydrogen. This hypothesis contributes to the periodic table. The periodic table was inde pendently found by J. L Meyer in Germany and D.I Mendeleev in Russia (1869). Adding on to that William Ramsay and Lord Rayliegh found other gases to extend the periodic table.Show MoreRelatedThe History of Chemistry Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Chemistry Chemistry has been around for a various amount of years. The beginning of chemistry was first acknowledged in 10,000 BC. The ancient civilizations used technologies that came to become the makeup of the many branches of chemistry. These early civilizations would extract metal from ores, make pottery and glazes, beer and wine fermentation, extraction of chemicals from plants for medicine, making fat into soap, making glass, and many chemistry related tasks were done. AlchemistsRead MoreThe History of Chemistry Essay798 Words   |  4 Pages Chemistry and technology are together and separate. Chemistry uses technology and technology uses chemistry. The history of chemistry and technology is long going back to the ancient times. Chemistry was used even by the oldest civilizations, like Egypt. It was really popular during the medieval times. Back then it was called Alchemy, which is turning metal into gold or even about the philosopher’s stone. As the years went by, Alchemy becam e a lost art and chemistry took it in place. Chemistry ledRead MoreEssay on The History of Chemistry844 Words   |  4 PagesChemistry is defined as, â€Å"the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes† (Davis 3). Chemistry has been around since the dawn of time, way before humans realized what chemistry was or its importance. The building blocks of the earth, such as minerals of the soil and atmospheric gases, all arise from chemical elements. Natural resources are all chemicals or chemical compounds, and the studyRead MoreThe History of Chemistry Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesChemistry has been around for a very long time. Chemistry is the branch of physical science that studies composition, properties, energy, and behavior of matter. It is said that chemistry has been around since prehistoric times. This was in the form of everyday objects like pottery, cosmet ics and perfumes, and extracting metals from ores. Chemistry is based on the discovery and study of elements. Some elements were known to ancient man, but most were discovered by chemists and alchemists. Some sayRead MoreThe History of Chemistry Essay1235 Words   |  5 PagesThe History of Chemistry Chemistry is the science of the composition and structure of materials and of the changes that materials undergo. It is also used in improving standards of living, making it possible for such substances as rubber, nylon, and plastics to be made from completely different materials. New materials and new properties of old materials are always being discovered. Some earlier products discovered from chemical reactions are ceramics, glass, and metals. Dyes and medicinesRead MoreEssay on The History of Chemistry928 Words   |  4 PagesChemistry has been around for a very long time. Chemistry dates back to as far as the prehistoric times. If you put the amount of time chemistry takes up in a timeline, you would split it into four general categories. The four categories are: prehistoric times - beginning of the Christian era (black magic), beginning of the Christian era - end of 17th century (alchemy), end of 17th century - mid 19th century (traditional chemistry), and mid 19th centu ry - present (modern chemistry). It startsRead MoreEssay on The History of Chemistry: Chemistry is True Science619 Words   |  3 Pages Chemistry plays a key role in every branch of science. It has even been dated to times as early as the Prehistoric Era, and all the way up to now, the Present. We use Chemistry on a day to day basis. From Jewelry, to Fire-Works, Soap, and also, even the food we eat. Often people look at Chemistry and are bored because of the information they may not know. Science is everywhere, we just have to open our eyes and explore the world of Science. There is more to Chemistry than meets the human eye, andRead MoreHistory of the Science of Chemistry Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of chemistry makes a span of time reaching from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC, ancient civilizations used technologies that would eventually form the basis of the various branches of the subject. Examples include extracting metals from ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wi ne, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze. The science of chemistry, alchemy, was unsuccessfulRead MoreEssay on The History of Chemistry770 Words   |  4 Pages Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes (Modern Chemistry, 2010 Holt McDougal pg. 3). So what if chemistry sounds boring to some people, everyone has their own opinion about a subject that you don’t want to talk about in class or the subject you know so well that if someone asked you a question you could answer in a heartbeat. Well for me chemistry is the subject I don’t know very well at all and is hard for me to learnRead MoreEssay on The History of Chemistry and Its Influence on Society732 Words   |  3 Pages The history of chemistry has a span of time reaching from ancient history to the present. By 1000 BC. Ancient civilizations used a lot of different technologies that helped eventually form the different branches of chemistry. In my discussion about the history of chemistry, I will answer four questions that are very questionable. Such as, What was society like before the discovery of chemistry? How did natural resources limit or advance chemistry? How is chemistry affecting society today? And finally

Prioritizing Projects at D.D. Williamson free essay sample

D. D. Williamson implemented a new process for project prioritization that included focusing on the vision and impact of projects and narrowing down projects by selecting the ones of high importance and assigning them to senior management teams. I will attempt to critique that process, recommend an improvement for the process, provide a scenario of why the process could possibly not be successful, and project if the process will still be successful in five years. Critiquing D. D. Williamson Project Prioritization The prioritization process at D. D. Williamson is a great improvement opposed to the previous prioritization process that was implemented. I believe that D. D. Williamson was able to finally overcome challenges after years of not having a successful process in place. Cutting down the amount of projects from 60 to 16 was a smart plan that in return helped D. D. Williamson not to go over budget, increase the success rate to over 60 percent of projects finishing close to the expected completion date, and earn better results. We will write a custom essay sample on Prioritizing Projects at D.D. Williamson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This process also helped to move forward the most critical projects of high importance. Simplifying the criteria ratings also helped to narrow down projects and prioritize them. By selecting a new criteria rating and focusing on the Vision Impact Projects (VIPs), it made it easier for the management team to focus on projects that would have a impact on corporate objectives and monitor them better in weekly meetings to overcome barriers before they occurred. Improving the Prioritization Process Though the proposed prioritization process at D. D. Williamson is a vast improvement opposed the prior process, I would recommend adding more criteria to determine which projects move forward opposed to just basing the criteria rating on the level of expected impact. Senior management should be more involved in the selection process and base selections on criteria such as investment, time, profitability, and strategy. According Examples of Project Prioritization, â€Å"Prioritization of projects means selecting the efforts and projects to be executed by the corporation based upon on a complete detailed analysis of all possible and available projects† (Vargas, R. V. ). Determining risks ahead of time is a good component in the criteria selection process, but other factors such as the one mentioned should be key components to ensure the right projects are being selected. Possible Process Failure â€Å"We simplified the criteria ratings – rating projects on the level of selected impact on corporate objectives, the cross-functional nature of the team, and the perceived likelihood that the project would encounter barriers which required senior level support to overcome† (Kloppenborg, T. and Nkomo, S. ). While these are all great criteria ratings when selecting projects, there are several criterions that are missing that could cause possible failure of the implemented process. First, if direct, indirect, variable, and fixed costs are not a factor of the criterion process, the project can end up going over budget thus making it unsuccessful or causing it not to meet the proposed deadline. Secondly, if there is a not a more functional involvement that includes a project management team for each project broken down by specialization, opinions may be crossed and conflicting information may be given. The Process in Five Years According to Effective Approaches to Project Prioritization, â€Å"establishing a project prioritization is neither simple nor fast† (Schwartz, C. ). During the next five years D. D. Williamson will continue to evaluate and adjust its project prioritization process based on changes in project management successes and failures. Also, one must take into consideration the cost of labor, and various other costs that will inflate over time that could cause the criterion process to adjust and be reassembled. Conclusion In conclusion, D. D. Williamson was able to implement a successful project management process that helped them to execute the highest projects of importance and build a foundation that will contribute to continued success. Like anything, there are always opportunities for improvement, and I am confident that D. D. Williamson will continue to improve its project management process through selection and criteria ratings in the future.

Last Mile Problem free essay sample

However, these options require commuters to invest in additional assets such as storage and security, which most people in the region cannot afford. A low household income forces 80% of people in La Paz to use public transportation according to Swisscontact Bolivia (PÂ ¤gina, 2013). Furthermore, the size and geography of the region makes it even more challenging and undesirable to walk. As a result, available substitutes may not solve the regions need for an effective mass transportation system that can relieve the last-mile problem. The limited options in the transportation industry affect the consumers directly. Private minivan drivers have been continuously imposing price increase with an empty promise of upgrading their services, leaving commuters with higher fares and a mediocre service at best. The local governments have tried to stop the price hikes, but the drivers have always managed to neutralize the governments political power through strikes that frequently bring the region to a halt. We will write a custom essay sample on Last Mile Problem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Overall, commuters from La Paz spend on average 40% of their family income in transportation according to the governments bus system social media site. As of today, public transportation in the area is provided by the government and the private sector. This latter is owned by individuals whom in many cases purchase a used imported vehicle to transport commuters at relatively high fares. The industry has been practically self-regulated until recently, but this self-regulation was aimed only at maintaining fair competitions among drivers. Whats worse, since the service providers are also the regulators, they disregarded many key components of the transportation system: the quality of the service; the efficiency and effectiveness of the system; and the fair reatment of customers. With respect to commuters, switching from one provider to another one makes little difference while switching to another type of transportation As a consulting company based in the United States but working in a developing nation, we are aware that creativity is important in tackling such a challenge. The rest of the paper will explain our process in trying to solve the last-mile problem in the region. First, we will discuss how we utilized Mind Mapping to further understand the last-mile problem. Second, we will elaborate on how we used the Morphological Forced Connections method to develop a series of creative alternatives to solve the problem at hand. Consequently, we evaluated the solutions considering our clients constituency needs and will offer what we believe is the best solution. Nevertheless, we are aware of potential issues that may arise which we acknowledge in our paper, followed by where we see the project going. Ill. Tool 1: Mind-Mapping The first tool we utilized was mind-mapping: the process of building a diagram to visually outline information or ideas. Mind maps provide a visual representation to brainstorm a central idea with connecting branches of associated topics. It begins with a single word or statement in the center of the board, paper, or any written material. Next, words, categories, or concepts that are associated with the center idea are added. Everything is related to the center and stems outward leading to subcategories and different connections. This mechanism enables groups to see the problem clearly and brainstorm related topics or solutions. It facilitates exploration, making connections, showing thought processes, recalling information, planning, and organizing. We began with this tool so that we could fully develop our understanding f the problem and explore solutions that already exist worldwide. We each spent time researching articles and solutions that different cities and countries have used to solve the last mile problem. We let the problem and solutions incubate for several days and then met for a group meeting to mind map what we discovered. In our meeting, we laid the last mile problem down as our center. From there we thought of our different categories that helped create a wide understanding of our problem. These categories were: who, what, where, reasons/why, and supporting articles/ examples. We then created subcategories: users needs connected to who the problem effects and issues with current solutions connected to the examples. The first step was laying out what the last mile problem is. Although public transit such as trains, trams, busses, and shuttles exist in urban and suburban areas, destinations are often farther away from the stations than walking distance. This often makes public transit systems ineffective. We laid down ideas on our mind map about what this problem includes. For example: people cant get home or to work from the bus or train, no road access, no parking, hills difficult to walk or bike, there re lack of alternatives, elderly or children cant walk long distances, etc. Next, we mapped out who has to deal with this daily issue: people who cannot afford cars, low- income families, students, commuters, workers, drivers, and governments. This then led to our subcategory of the users needs: time, money, energy, access, and convenience. Where the last mile exists was another category. We brainstormed ideas such as: spread out populations, urban areas, big cities, remote villages, and mountainous regions. Reasons why this problem is occurring was also addressed: nstable governments, lack of city planning, lack of money, geography, spread out cities, lack of incentives, crowded cities, unstable population, lack of design thinking, attempted solutions and the issues for why many have been unsuccessful. A few examples of attempted solutions included: Brazil has built a bus-rapid transit (BRT); Columbia has the largest network of bike lanes; small city cars have been built, skyrails, and electric bikes charged by solar power.